Practice Exercise: How to Convert Research Questions into Variables
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Question 1 of 10
For the following research questions define the independent and dependent variables. Is surgery recovery time different for adults and children?
surgery recovery time - independent; adults and children- dependent variable
adults and children - independent; surgery recovery time – dependent
none of these options
Question 2 of 10
Is there a significant change in reading scores from pretest to post-test?
time (pretest and post-test) - independent; reading scores – dependent
reading scores - independent; time (pretest and post-test) – dependent
Question 3 of 10
Are children IQ scores similar across the 6 city schools?
6 city schools - independent; IQ scores – dependent
IQ scores - independent; 6 city schools – dependent
Question 4 of 10
Is there a gender and ethnicity effect on body weight?
body weight - independent; ethnicity - independent; gender – dependent
body weight - independent; gender - independent; ethnicity – dependent
gender - independent; ethnicity - independent; body weight – dependent
Question 5 of 10
Are there changes in fear of statistics scores among the pretest (time 1), post-test (time 2), and 3 month follow-up (time 3)?
fear of statistics scores - independent; time – dependent
time - independent; fear of statistics scores – dependent
Question 6 of 10
Are there age group differences in fear of statistics scores across pre, post, and 3 month periods?
age group - independent; time - independent; fear of statistics scores – dependent
age group - independent; statistics scores - independent; time – dependent
time - independent; statistics scores - independent; age group – dependent
Question 7 of 10
Is there an association between participation in a smoking cessation program (yes or no) and quitting smoking (yes quit or no did not quit)?
quitting smoking - independent; participation in smoking program – dependent
participation in smoking program - independent; quitting smoking – dependent
Question 8 of 10
Are there differences in reading speed (seconds) by grade level (9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade) and gender?
reading speed - independent; gender - independent; grade level – dependent
gender - independent; grade level - independent; reading speed- dependent
reading speed - independent; grade level - independent; gender – dependent
Question 9 of 10
Do number of days with cold symptoms vary by the placebo, low dose vitamin C, and high dose vitamin C treatment groups?
Vitamin C treatment groups - independent; days with cold symptoms – dependent
days with cold symptoms - independent; treatment groups – dependent
Question 10 of 10
Is there a difference in weight loss (kilograms) from pre-diet and post-diet measures between low-carb and vegetarian diet groups?
weight loss - independent; time - independent; diet groups – dependent
weight loss - independent; diet groups - independent; time – dependent
diet groups - independent; time - independent; weight loss – dependent